Earwax (cerumen) is a natural substance produced by glands in the outer part of the ear canal. It serves several purposes: it protects and lubricates the ear canal, traps dust and debris, and helps prevent infections and insect entry. However, sometimes the wax can accumulate and harden, leading to a blockage. This is referred to as earwax impaction.
Common Symptoms of Impacted Earwax:
- Temporary hearing loss
- Earache or pressure in the ear
- Tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ear)
- Dizziness
- Itching or a feeling of fullness in the ear
Causes of Earwax Impaction:
- Use of cotton swabs or objects that push wax deeper into the ear
- Overproduction of earwax
- Narrow or curved ear canals
- Wearing hearing aids or earbuds frequently
Treatment Options for Impacted Earwax:
- Manual Removal by a Professional
- ENT (Ear, Nose & Throat) specialists or trained healthcare providers may use tools like curettes, suction, or microsuction under direct visualization (with a headlight or microscope) to safely remove the wax.
- This is usually done in a clinic and provides immediate relief.
- Irrigation (Ear Syringing)
- A stream of warm water or saline is gently introduced into the ear canal to flush out the wax.
- This method should be done carefully, especially in older adults or those with a history of ear surgery or perforated eardrums.
- Ear Drops (Cerumenolytics)
- Over-the-counter drops (e.g., carbamide peroxide, mineral oil, baby oil, saline) can soften earwax, making it easier to come out naturally or be flushed out.
- Drops are usually used for a few days before removal.
- Microsuction
- A small suction device is used to vacuum the wax out while the provider views the canal under a microscope.
- This is one of the safest and most effective methods, especially for individuals with sensitive ears.
What Not to Do:
- Avoid inserting cotton swabs, pens, fingers, or any objects into the ear canal — these often worsen the problem.
- Do not attempt irrigation if you have a hole in the eardrum or a history of ear surgery unless guided by a professional.
If impacted wax is a recurring issue, regular check-ups and maintenance cleaning by a professional may be advised. Some people may need earwax removal every few months, while others never experience buildup.
